資料(COVID-19)：生命倫理に関する海外の主な検討

A. 国際組織

B. 各国の検討

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A. 国際組織

ユネスコ　UNESCO

• International Bioethics Committee (IBC) and the UNESCO World Commission on the Ethics of Scientific Knowledge and Technology (COMEST) Statement on COVID-19 Ethical Considerations from a Global Perspective

WHO World Health Organization

• Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) technical guidance: Humanitarian operations, camps, and other fragile settings as well as refugees and migrants in non-humanitarian and non-camp settings

• Policy brief (2020): Ethical standards for research during public health emergencies: Distilling existing guidance to support COVID-19 R&D

• Policy brief (2020): Ethics and COVID-19: resource allocation and priority-setting

IASC（Inter Agency Standing Committee）

• Interim Guidance on Scaling-up COVID-19 Outbreak in Readiness and Response Operations in Camps and Camp-like Settings (jointly developed by IFRC, IOM, UNHCR and WHO)

欧州評議会（Council of Europe）

• Committee on Bioethics (DH-BIO): DH-BIO Statement on human rights considerations relevant to the COVID-19 pandemic

• Comite de Bioethique (DH-BIO): Déclaration du DH-BIO sur les considérations en matière de droits de l’Homme relatives à la pandémie de COVID-19

• Respecting democracy, rule of law and human rights in the framework of the COVID-19 sanitary crisis: A toolkit for member states

• Respecter la démocratie, l'état de droit et les droits de l'homme dans le cadre de la crise sanitaire du COVID-19: Une boîte à outils pour les États membres

• COVID-19: Human rights principles must guide health decisions

EGE（European Group on Ethics in Science and New Technologies）

• Statement on European Solidarity and the Protection of Fundamental Rights in the COVID-19 Pandemic

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B. 各国の検討

オーストリア

• Geschäftsstelle der Bioethikkommission: Recommendation regarding allocation of resources in intensive care unit in times of Covid-19

フランス

• Conseil National de l‘Ordre des Médecins: Décisions médicales dans un contexte de crise sanitaire et d'exception (French)

• La Société Française d'Accompagnement et de soins Palliatifs (SFAP): Enjeux éthiques de l’accès aux soins de réanimation et autres soins critiques (SC) en contexte de pandémie COVID-19 (French)

• Recommandation professionnelle multi-disciplinaire opérationnelle (RPMO): Aspects éthiques et stratégiques de l’accès aux soins de réanimation et autres soins critiques (SC) en contexte de pandémie COVID-19 (French)

• Société Française d’Anesthésie-Réanimation: Décision d’admission des patients en unités de réanimation et unités de soins critiques dans un contexte d’épidémie à Covid-19 (French)

• Comité consultatif national d’éthique, CCNE COVID-19 Contribution from the French National Consultative Ethics Committee: Ethical issues in the face of a pandemic CCNE - Response to the request from the Ministry of Health and Solidarity on the strengthening of protection measures in EHPADs and USLDs Réflexions et points d'alerte sur les enjeux d'éthique du numérique en situation de crise sanitaire aiguë (bulletin de veille n°1) (French) La contribution du CCNE à la lutte contre COVID-19: Enjeux éthiques face à une pandémie

フィンランド

• National Advisory Board on Social Welfare and Health Care Ethics ETENE） Riksomfattande etiska delegationen inom social- och hälsovården ETENE

ドイツ

• Der Deutschen Interdisziplinären Vereinigung für Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin (DIVI): Entscheidungen über die Zuteilung von Ressourcen in der Notfallund der Intensivmedizin im Kontext der COVID-19-Pandemie

• Deutscher Ethikrat Solidarity and responsibility during the coronavirus crisis

イタリア

• Italian Society for Anesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation & Intensive Care: Clinical Ethics Recommendations for the Allocation of Intensive Care Treatments in exceptional, resource-limited circumstances

• Italian Society for Anesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation & Intensive Care: Clinical Ethics Recommendations for Admission to Intensive Care and for Withdrawing Treatment in Exceptional Conditions of Imbalance between Needs and Available Resources

• Comitato Nazionale per la Bioetica, CNB COVID-19: La decisione clinica in condizioni di carenza di risorse e il criterio del "triage in emergenza pandemica"

ニュージーランド

• Health and Disability Ethics Committees: COVID-19 Emergency Response: Ethical Review Operating Procedures (eSOP)

ノルウェー

• Helsedirektoratet: Prioritering av helsehjelp i Norge under covid-19 pandemien (Norwegian)

スイス

• Swiss Academy of Medical Sciences: COVID-19 pandemic: triage for intensive-care treatment under resource scarcity

• Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences & Swiss Society for Intensive Care Medicine (SGI): Intensive care medicine: triage in case of bottlenecks

• Nationale Ethikkommission im Bereich der Humanmedizin Contact Tracing als Instrument der Pandemiebekämpfung - Zentrale Gesichtspunkte aus der Perspektive der Ethik Corona-Pandemie: Schutz des Lebens und Solidarität stehen aus ethischer Sicht im Zentrum

スウェーデン

• National Board of Health & Welfare: Nationella principer för prioritering inom intensivvård under extraordinära förhållanden

• Kunskapscentrum Katastrofmedicin & Karolinska Institutet (on behalf of the National Board of Health & Welfare): Triage/flöden och arbetssätt vid covid-19

イギリス

• British Medical Association: COVID-19 – ethical issues. A guidance note

• Royal College of Physicians: Ethical dimensions of COVID-19 for front-line staff

• Royal College of Psychiatrists: COVID-19: ethical considerations

• Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain: RPS guidance on ethical, professional decision making in the Covid-19 Pandemic

• Department of Health & Social Care: Responding to COVID-19: the ethical framework for adult social care

• Scottish Government: COVID-19 Guidance: Ethical Advice and Support Framework

• The Nuffield Council on Bioethics COVID-19 and the basics of democratic governance Ethical considerations in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic Guide to the ethics of surveillance and quarantine for novel coronavirus

アメリカ合衆国（米国）

• American Medical Association: AMA Code of Medical Ethics: Guidance in a pandemic

• American College of Surgeons: Ethical Framework for the Allocation of Resources in the Event of Shortages

• American Dental Association: Guidance on Continuing to Practice Ethically during COVID-19

• US National Academics of Sciences and Medicine: The Critical Need for International Cooperation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Joint Statement of Academies of Sciences and Medicine

• American Psychological Association: Ethical guidance for the COVID-19 era

• Child Neurology Society Ethics Committee: Five Notable Ethics Issues Relevant to Child Neurologists during the COVID-19 Pandemic

• Food and Drug Administration: FDA Guidance on conduct of Clinical Trials of Medical Products during COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (Guidance for Industry, Investigators, and Institutional Review Boards)

• HHS Office for Civil Rights: Civil Rights, HIPAA, and the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Reducing Stigma, Stop the Spread of Rumors

• National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Rapid Expert Consultations on the COVID-19 Pandemic

• The Hastings Center Ethical Framework for Health Care Institutions & Guidelines for Institutional Ethics Services Responding to the Coronavirus Pandemic Responding to Covid-19 as a Regional Public Health Challenge: Preliminary Guidelines for Regional Collaboration Involving Hospitals

※その他の国・組織については以下のサイトも参照されたい。

• World Health Organization Resources on ethics and COVID-19